Russia Economy information disclaimer

Russia Economy publishes economic news, analysis, historical data and explanatory tools for general information. Nothing on the site is financial, investment, trading, tax or legal advice. The publication does not assess individual circumstances or recommend a transaction, product or investment strategy.

Data are dated, not guaranteed

Statistics describe particular periods and definitions. Official estimates can be preliminary or revised, international databases can use different vintages, and restricted publication can leave gaps. Forecasts describe possible future outcomes rather than facts already observed.

Check the period, unit and source before drawing a comparison. A federal-budget balance is not the same measure as a general-government balance, and a calendar-year average is not necessarily comparable with a December reading. Our fact-checking standards explain how these distinctions are handled.

Calculator limitations

The ruble converter uses official Bank of Russia reference rates. These are indicative and can differ from bank, card, transfer and exchange-office rates, including fees or spreads. The site neither buys nor sells currency.

The inflation calculator uses a national consumer-price index and stated date assumptions. It does not reconstruct an individual household's spending or the value of a particular asset. Results should be read with the tool's methodology and limitations.

Check the original evidence

External sources are provided for context and verification. Their availability and content are outside the site's control. Before making a consequential decision, consult the relevant original record and appropriately qualified guidance for your circumstances.

Send suspected errors to [email protected] with the page address and supporting evidence. Our corrections policy explains how material errors and later updates are recorded.